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<table border="\"1\"" cellspacing="\"1\"" cellpadding="\"0\"">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Date</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Science et technologie</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Alimentation et agriculture</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Industrie, énergie et environnement</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Médecine et pharmacie</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1910 - 1920</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Morgan </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">débute son travail sur la génétique de la drosophile : il en arrivera à la notion de gènes localisés sur les chromosomes<strong>.</strong></span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1912</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Bragg </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">(père et fils) commencent à développer la cristallographie par Rayons X (technique de détermination de la structure spatiale des protéines)</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1912 - 1914</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><em><span style="font-family: "Times;">Röhm</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: "Times;"> </span></em><span style="font-family: "Times;">prend le brevet pour une préparation enzymatique pour le lavage.</span></td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production d\' acétone et de butanol en Grande Bretagne (<strong><em>le procédé Weizmann</em></strong>) durant la première guerre mondiale grâce à des microorganismes (culture anaérobie stricte).</span></td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1916</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">- Première immobilisation d\'enzymes</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1918</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Fondation, aux Pays Bas, d\'une université d\'Agriculture à Wageningen (Pays Bas) ; début d\'une appréhension scientifique de l\'agriculture</span></td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Luo Guorui </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">fonde une compagnie qui produit des "digesteurs" produisant du méthane (Chine et Inde)</span></td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1921 - 1922</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Banting</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">, <strong>Best </strong>et <strong>Mac Leod </strong>découvrent l\'insuline.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1928</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Fleming </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">découvre la pénicilline.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1936</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production d\'acide citrique par fermentation</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1940</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Utilisation en Allemagne de liqueurs bisulfitiques pour la production de levures alimentaires pour l\'homme : 15000 t sont produites à la fin de la guerre par an</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Isolement de la cortisone</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1941</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">"Un gène - un enzyme" (</span><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Beadle </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">et <strong>Tatum</strong>)</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production en Allemagne d\'hydrocarbures à partir du charbon (utilisation de vapeur pour produire de l\'hydrogène et du monoxyde de carbone utilisés ensuite pour le synthèse d\'hydrocarbures) et culture de micro-organismes sur ce milieu.</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Florey, Chain </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">et l\'équipe d\'Oxford (N G Heatley) montrent les propriétés thérapeutiques de la pénicilline. </span><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Waksman<a href="\"> </a></span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">découvre un nouvel antibiotique, la streptomycine.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1944</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times;">- Début de la production industrielle de pénnicilline aux USA</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Times;">- Production, en secret, de pénicilline à Delft (Pays Bas) par la compagnie <strong><em>Gist-Brocades </em></strong>(le produit avait été appelé Bacinol)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1944</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Avery, MacLeod </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">et <strong>Mac Carty</strong><a href="\"> </a>apportent la preuve que l\'ADN est le support de l\'information génétique.</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1945</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production de levures à partir de sucre de canne à la Jamaïque (durant une dizaine d\'années).</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- phpmyvisites --><p> </p>
<table border="\"1\"" cellspacing="\"1\"" cellpadding="\"0\"">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Date</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Science et technologie</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Alimentation et agriculture</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Industrie, énergie et environnement</span></strong></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p> </p>
<strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Médecine et pharmacie</span></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1910 - 1920</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Morgan </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">débute son travail sur la génétique de la drosophile : il en arrivera à la notion de gènes localisés sur les chromosomes<strong>.</strong></span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1912</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Bragg </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">(père et fils) commencent à développer la cristallographie par Rayons X (technique de détermination de la structure spatiale des protéines)</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1912 - 1914</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><em><span style="font-family: "Times;">Röhm</span></em></strong><em><span style="font-family: "Times;"> </span></em><span style="font-family: "Times;">prend le brevet pour une préparation enzymatique pour le lavage.</span></td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production d\' acétone et de butanol en Grande Bretagne (<strong><em>le procédé Weizmann</em></strong>) durant la première guerre mondiale grâce à des microorganismes (culture anaérobie stricte).</span></td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1916</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">- Première immobilisation d\'enzymes</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1918</span></td>
<td width="\"19%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Fondation, aux Pays Bas, d\'une université d\'Agriculture à Wageningen (Pays Bas) ; début d\'une appréhension scientifique de l\'agriculture</span></td>
<td width="\"24%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Luo Guorui </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">fonde une compagnie qui produit des "digesteurs" produisant du méthane (Chine et Inde)</span></td>
<td width="\"25%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1921 - 1922</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Banting</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">, <strong>Best </strong>et <strong>Mac Leod </strong>découvrent l\'insuline.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1928</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Fleming </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">découvre la pénicilline.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1936</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production d\'acide citrique par fermentation</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1940</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Utilisation en Allemagne de liqueurs bisulfitiques pour la production de levures alimentaires pour l\'homme : 15000 t sont produites à la fin de la guerre par an</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Isolement de la cortisone</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1941</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">"Un gène - un enzyme" (</span><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Beadle </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">et <strong>Tatum</strong>)</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production en Allemagne d\'hydrocarbures à partir du charbon (utilisation de vapeur pour produire de l\'hydrogène et du monoxyde de carbone utilisés ensuite pour le synthèse d\'hydrocarbures) et culture de micro-organismes sur ce milieu.</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Florey, Chain </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">et l\'équipe d\'Oxford (N G Heatley) montrent les propriétés thérapeutiques de la pénicilline. </span><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Waksman<a href="\"> </a></span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">découvre un nouvel antibiotique, la streptomycine.</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1944</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\"">
<p><span style="font-family: "Times;">- Début de la production industrielle de pénnicilline aux USA</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: "Times;">- Production, en secret, de pénicilline à Delft (Pays Bas) par la compagnie <strong><em>Gist-Brocades </em></strong>(le produit avait été appelé Bacinol)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1944</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""><strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">Avery, MacLeod </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times;">et <strong>Mac Carty</strong><a href="\"> </a>apportent la preuve que l\'ADN est le support de l\'information génétique.</span></td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="\"9%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">1945</span></td>
<td width="\"17%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""><span style="font-family: "Times;">Production de levures à partir de sucre de canne à la Jamaïque (durant une dizaine d\'années).</span></td>
<td width="\"20%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
<td width="\"23%\"" valign="\"top\""> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- phpmyvisites -->