Comprehensive Biochemistry ; a history of biochemistry

CB vol. 45

2010-04-18T07:53:39Z

Comprehensive Biochemistry 45 : A History of Biochemistry
..... (2006)

45 : autre série 2006

Edited by Giorgio Semenza, Swiss Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland and
University of Milan, Italy

Preface by Giorgio Semenza

Chapter 1 : Odyssey of a Biochemist by Osamu. Hayaishi

Chapter 2 : A Voyage of the Inner Space of Cells by Wolfgang Baumeister

Chapter 3 : Fixed to Translation: A Recollection by August Böck

Chapter 4 : Denis Chapman : Oiling the Path to Biomembrane Structure by Peter J. Quinn

Chapter 5 : Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas, the First Metabolic Pathway: The Fate of Prominent Polish Biochemist Jakub Parnas by Jolanta Barañska

Chapter 6 : A Journey with Bleeding Time Factor by Birgir Blombäck

Chapter 7 : A Neuropathologist’s Diary by Adriano Aguzzi

Chapter 8 : An Autobiographical Sketch: 50 Years in Cancer Immunochemistry by G.I. Abelev

CB vol. 44

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Comprehensive Biochemistry 44 : A History of Biochemistry
Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry.
Personal Recollections. IX (2005)

Contents

1. Glucose catabolism in yeast and muscle (J.A. Barnett)

2. A lifetime with microbes (G.N. Cohen)

3. Wearing two hats (G. Dirheimer)

4. Of Mice and Men - the Mx connection (J. Lindemann)

5. An unconventional Journey to Neuroscience (R. Rodnight)

6. Nikolai Vavilov: Life in the case of science or science at a cost of life (L. Kisselev)

CB vol. 40

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Comprehensive Biochemistry 40 : A History of Biochemistry
Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry.
Personal Recollections. V (1997)

Preface to Volume 40. Contributors to this Volume.
Chapter 1. Wandering in the Fields of Science (S. Lifson).

Chapter 2. Keilin and the Molteno (M.F. Perutz).
Introduction. Keilin's favourite. Warburton and the Siberian tick. Frail health. Lack of tenure.

Chapter 3. An Australian Biochemist in Four Countries (E.C. Slater).
Introduction. Early life in Australia 1917-1939. Family background. Schooling. University education. First research. Australian Institute of Anatomy 1939-1946. World War II work interlude (1942-1943). Return to Canberra. Cambridge 1946-1949. Molteno Institute. Australian National University. USA 1949-1950. Return to Cambridge 1950-1955. Enzyme kinetics. Stability of isolated mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation. Offer of Amsterdam Chair. Amsterdam 1955-1985. Starting in Amsterdam. First five years in Amsterdam 1955-1960. Second five years 1961-1965. The second decade (1965-1975). Reorganization of Netherlands universities as a result of student pressure. The last decade in Amsterdam 1975-1985. Extra-university activities. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Nomenclature. EMBO and EMBL. The Royal Netherlands Academy of Science. The Netherlands Organization of Pure Scientific Research (ZWO). International Union of Biochemistry (IUB). China. Retirement. Concluding remarks. References.

Chapter 4. A Lifetime Journey with Photosynthesis (A.A. Krasnovsky)
Preface. Introduction. Childhood and primary education. Professional education in chemistry. War and the beginning of the biochemical career. Photochemistry of chlorophyll. Reversible chlorophyll photoreduction. Reversible chlorophyll photooxidation. Chase for free radicals. Chlorophyll-photosensitized electron transfer. The state of the photosynthetic pigments in living cells. Reaction centers. Inorganic models of reaction centers. Involvement in problems of the origin of life. Teaching at the Moscow University. Epilogue. References.

Chapter 5. Efraim Racker: 28 June 1913 to 9 September 1991 (G. Schatz).

Chapter 6. A Life with the Metals of Life (B.G. Malmström).
Introduction: the shaping of a bioinorganic chemist. Early influences on my intellectual development. A gymnasium with a university curriculum. A book with a mission. From gymnasium to college studies in the United States. The graduate school years. The beginnings of research. Intellectual influences on a graduate student. Enzyme research in Uppsala. Metal-ion activation of enolase. Uppsala friends. Instructor in Minnesota. Teaching and research. A short army career. 'Docent' in Uppsala. The embryo of an enzyme group. An expanding research program. An interlude in Utah. The beginnings of oxidase research. The end of the Uppsala period. Visiting professor in California. A bioinorganic course. The transition from Uppsala to Göteborg. Professor at Göteborg University. A glimpse of the Swedish academic system of the 1960s. The building of a new department. A number of visitors. My research 1964-93. Laccase and other blue copper proteins. Three sabbaticals. Early cytochrome oxidase investigations. My collaboration with Harry Gray. Electron transfer and proton pumping. The CuA site. The Nobel Committee for Chemistry 1972-1988. The composition of the committee. Some small reforms. The happy life of a professor emeritus. Retirement. Mutants of bacterial cytochrome oxydases. CuA and PNA. Acknowledgements. References.

Chapter 7. Harland Goff Wood: An American Biochemist (R. Singleton, Jr.).
Introduction. Early years and education. Affiliation with C. H. Werkman at Iowa State. Graduate research. Postdoctoral work. The propionic acid cycle. Early studies on propionic acid metabolism. Expansion of the research project. Discovery of the transcarboxylation reaction. Isolation of the transcarboxylase enzyme. Completion of the propionic acid cycle. Conclusions. Coda. Acknowledgements. Appendix A: Fermentation balances.

Chapter 8. Fate has Smiled Kindly (S.V. Perry).
Early years. War service. Captivity. Halcyon days. Extramural activities. Post doctoral work in the United States. Return to Cambridge. Muscle organelles. Myofibrillar ATPase and its regulation. Protein components of the myofibril. The Cambridge contribution to protein structure. Kenneth Bailey. Move to Birmingham. Myosin structure and function. The interaction of actin and myosin. Biochemistry of muscle development and adaptation. Methylated muscle proteins. Troponin system. Consolidation in Birmingham. Components of the troponin complex. Calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins. Phosphorylation of the myofibrillar proteins. Muscular dystrophy. Tropomyosin. Isoforms and antibodies to the components of the troponin complex. The Italian connection. Committees and miscellaneous responsibilities. Retirement. Acknowledgements. References. Name Index.

CB vol. 41

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Comprehensive Biochemistry 41 : A History of Biochemistry
Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry.
Personal Recollections. VI (2000)

Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry. Personal Recollections. VI 2002

Preface to Volume 41
Contributors to this Volume

Chapter 1. Enemy Alien (M.F. Perutz)

Chapter 2. Kaj Linderstrøm-Lang (1896–1959) (J. Schellman, C. Schellman).
A late-blooming scientist. The Carlsberg Laboratory. Lang's scientific career. Linderstrøm-Lang, the man. Acknowledgements and references for further reading. References.

Chapter 3. Strife and Hope in the Lives of a Scientist Couple (M. Bárány, K. Bárány)
Years of 1939–1945. The Szent–Györgyi Institute. The Straub Institute. The Weizmann Institute.The Weber Institute. Institute for Muscle Disease. University of Illinois at Chicago. Concluding remarks. Acknowledgements.References
.
Chapter 4. Half a Century with TMV and Biophysics (M.A. Lauffer).
Beginnings. The Princeton years. The move to Pittsburgh.The Virus Research Program. The Biophysics Department. The Lipoprotein Program. Hydration. Form and function. Deaning. Inactivation of viruses by X-rays. Fort Dietrich. Compliments. The McCarthy era. Whiskers. Hydrodynamics. The middle 1950s to the middle 1960s. The education enterprise. Motion in biological systems. Entropy-driven processes in biology.The meaning of entropy-driven processes. Retired living. References.

Chapter 5. The Initial Step in my Science Career (H. Fujita).
Prologue. Getting a job at the Department of Fisheries. Non-linear diffusion. My stay in Leiden. Moving to the United States. Days on the Madison campus. Epilogue. References.

Chapter 6. Fascination in Modeling Motifs (H. Kuhn). 1920s and 1930s.
Werner Kuhn and modeling polymer molecules. Linus Pauling and attempts in quantum chemistry. Niels Bohr and the branched &pgr; electron systems. Tests and refinements of the free electron model. Coupled oscillator approach. The 1950s and today. Supramolecular machines. Scheibe aggregates. Copying at the molecular level. Manipulating electron and proton motion. Origin of life. Concluding remarks. Acknowledgements. References.

Chapter 7. Erik Jorpes — A Pragmatic Physiological Chemist (V. Mutt, M. Blombäck).
Erik Jorpes' childhood and youth. Jorpes as a grantee in America: nucleic acids, endocrine secretion of pancreas, secretin, insulin, and heparin. Erik Jorpes and other studies by his colleagues in clinical medicine. Other important research in the department. Edman and protein characterization. Viktor Mutt's recollections of Erik Jorpes in the research environment in 1944. Recollections of Margareta Blombäck on the working environment in the 1950s and the early 1960s. Erik Jorpes as historian and teacher. Jorpes and the international research community. Jorpes as a person. References.

Chapter 8. Half a Century Between Carbohydrates and Proteins (N. Sharon).
Introduction. Family and childhood in Poland. Growing up in Palestine. Choosing biochemistry as a profession. How I started with carbohydrates. Into protein biosynthesis. Returning to carbohydrates.
Learning about enzyme mechanisms. Back in the Laboratory for Carbohydrate Research. Lysozyme, peptidoglycan and penicillin. My first glycoprotein and first lectin. Obscure proteins as markers for cancer cells. Chemical and biological characterization of soybean agglutinin. Enter peanut agglutinin.
A life-saving application. Bacterial surface lectins and infectious disease. Carbohydrates in anti-adhesion therapy. Early evidence for innate immunity. Atomic basis of carbohydrate–protein interactions. The first galectin. Spreading the gospel. Acknowledgements. References.

Chapter 9. Interplanetary Travels (G. Schatz).
Mars. Jupiter. Mercury. Saturn, Pluto or beyond? Acknowledgements. References.

Chapter 10. A Life-Long Quest for Biochemical Regulation (Helmut Holzer, 1921–1997) (K. Decker).
Growing up. First contacts with science. Studies on the regulation of glycolysis. Professor of Biochemistry in Freiburg. The thiamine-pyrophosphate-activated oxo compounds. The regulation of glutamine synthetase of E. coli. Involvement in university politics. The function of proteolysis in cellular regulation. Regulation through chemical modification of enzymes. The trehalose project.
Final remarks. Acknowledgements. References.

Chapter 11. A German Biochemist in the Twentieth Century (K. Decker).
The beginning. A new start after World War II. Joining Feodor Lynen. Do it yourself! Nicotine – an early favorite also in Freiburg. The fascinating life without oxygen. Paying tribute to the genius loci.
A memorable episode – sabbatical in Michigan. Chance strikes when it is least expected. The career of an amino sugar. The liver, an organ for living. How to organize a research team? Service to scientific organizations. Kupffer cells are not for plumbers. Shrinking stars. Academia. Is research on nicotine addictive? Getting cooler. Indian summer. Nicotine – A and &OHgr;.Resumé.References.

Chapter 12. Life with tRNA, Chromatin, Immunoglobulin Genes: Recollections of a German Molecular Biologist (H.G. Zachau).
Family background and early education. Student years. Postdoc in the US. Exploring the non-scientific world. tRNA research in Munich and Cologne 1958–1966. 1961–1966, one of the golden ages of molecular biology. From tRNA to chromatin. Teaching. Society games, councils, boards and relations to industry. Immunoglobulin genes. Last years in office and retirement. Epilogue. References.

Chapter 13. A Biochemist by Chance: Alessandro Rossi Fanelli, Builder of the Roman School of
Biological Chemistry (G. Amiconi).
Biochemist by chance. The years of apprenticeship. Sentimental education. Seeds of glory on a field well-tilled by illustrious predecessors. In the chair at Pavia. In Rome, starting again from zero. After the solid foundation, the grand construction. Official recognition. Teaching: without enthusiasm, but seriously. Two lines of research among the many. Not only scientists but also managers. Human quality and surroundings. Acknowledgements. References.

Chapter 14. The Early History of Biochemistry in Israel (N. Sharon).
Introduction. The beginnings. Andor Fodor – primus omnium primorum. Proteins and enzymes.Only a few immigrated. The study of lipids. Carbohydrate research pioneer. From polysaccharides to signal transduction. Chemistry of macromolecules. Sugars, polyelectrolytes, mechanochemistry and membrane transport. Synthetic polypeptides as protein models. Imported topics. Rapid growth. Concluding remarks.

CB vol. 42

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Comprehensive Biochemistry 42 : A History of Biochemistry
Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry.
Personal Recollections. VII (2003)

Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry. Personal Recollections. VII 2003

Preface. Contributors to this volume.

1. Fifty years in the world of proteins (C. Tanford).

2. Proteins, life and evolution (H. Jo).

3. Pehr Victor Edman: The solitary genius (B. Blombäck).

4. A privileged life (T.C. Laurent).

5. RNA enzymology and beyond (U.Z. Littauer).

6. Some selected recollections from a life with biochemistry (H. Klenow).

7. A risky job: In search of noncanonical pathways (V.P. Skulachev).

8. Fifty years of biochemistry as enjoyed by a medical biochemist motivated by an interest in diabetes (P.J. Randle).

9. My happy days with lac repressor - in a dark world (B. Müller-Hill).

10. A dark side of science in difficult times (B. Müller-Hill).

11. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase and the processes of energy transduction in biological systems (L. de Meis). Name Index.

CB vol. 43

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Comprehensive Biochemistry 43 : A History of Biochemistry
Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry.
Personal Recollections. VIII (2004)

43 : A history of Biochemistry : Selected Topics in the History of Biochemistry. Personal Recollections. VIII Volume 43 2004

CB vol. 31

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Comprehensive Biochemistry vol 31 : A History of biochemistry (1975)

Part III – History of the Identification of the sources of free energy in organisms

Introduction

Section I : Anaerobic Phosphorylation

        Chapter 17 – The Discovery of the « Cell-free Fermentation »
        Chapter 18- Discovery of the “Coenzyme of the Alcoholic Fermentation” and of the Esterification of Phosphate
        Chapter 19- The search, Before 1930, for Metabolic Intermediates Between Glucose and Ethanol, in Alcoholic Fermentation
        Chapter 20- Muscle Glycolysis Before 1926
        Chapter 21- The Unified Pathway of Glycolysis, and the Process of Phosphate Esterification
        Chapter 22- The Scission of Hexosediphosphate into Triosephosphate
        Chapter 23- The Unraveling of The Nature of Harden and Young’s “Coenzyme” and The discovery of “Energy-rich Phosphate Bonds”
        Chapter 24- The Complete Glycolysis Pathway
        Chapter 25- Glycolysis as a Source of Free Energy

Section II : Aerobic Phosphorylation

        Chapter 26- Early Theories of the “Biological Oxidations” of Intracellular Respiration
        Chapter 27- Iron Catalysis in BIological Oxidations and the Identification of Warburg’s Atmungsferment as an Iron-Porphyrin Compound
        Chapter 28- The Wieland-Thunberg Theory
        Chapter 29- Keilin’s Rediscovery of the Histohematin (Cytochrome)
        Chapter 30- The Theory of Szent-Györgyi
        Chapter 31- The Conversion of Citrate into succinate
        Chapter 32- The Original « Citric Acid Cycle »
        Chapter 33- The Oxydative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate and the Biosynthesis of Citrate
        Chapter 34- From Fatty Acids to Acetyl-CoA
        Chapter 35- From Amino Acids to The Tricarcarboxylic Acid Cycle
        Chapter 36- The Respiratory Chain
        Chapter 37- Oxydative Phosphorylation

Section III : Autotrophic Phosphorylations

Chapter 38- Photosynthetic phosphorylation
Chapter 39- Sources of Free Energy in Chemoautotrophs

Appendix

CB vol. 30

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Comprehensive Biochemistry 30 : A History of biochemistry (1972)

Préface à la section VI

Introduction aux parties I et II

Part I : Proto-Biochemistry

        Chapter 1 – Ancient Greek Proto-Chemistry
        Chapter 2 – From Alchemy to Iatrochemistry
        Chapter 3 – Respiratory Theory of « Vital Heat » and phlogistic Proto-Biochemistry
        Chapter 4 – « Dynamic Permanence » and « Assimilation » Prior to the Chemical Revolution

Part II : From Proto-Biochemistry to Biochemsitry

        Chapter 5 -: Metabolic Theories of Lavoisier and his Followers
        Chapter 6 – The Nature of Alcoholic Fermentation, the « Theory of the cells » and the Concept of the Cells as Units of Metabolism
        Chapter 7 – The Rise and Fall of Liebig’s Metabolic Theories
        Chapter 8 – The Intracellular Location of Metabolic Changes
        Chapter 9 – The Reaction Against « Analysm » : Antichemicalists and Physiological Chemsits of the 19 th Century
        Chapter 10 - Dynamic Permanece after Liebig, and the End of the Myth of Direct Assimilation
        Chapter 11 – From Forces-to-Life to Bioenergetics
        Chapter 12 – Life Banned from Organic Chemistry
        Chapter 13 – Biocatalyst and the Enzymatic Theory of Metabolism
        Chapter14 - The Dark Age of Biocolloidology
        Chapter 15 – Recognition of the Proteins as the Defined Macromolecules
        Chapter 16 – Biochemists Find Their Way into the Cell

Appendices